EFISIENSI ALOKATIF FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI (Oryza sativa L.) (Studi Kasus Di Desa Simpang Datuk Kecamatan Nipah Panjang Kabupaten Tanjung JabungTimur)

Abstract

The research was conducted in “Simpang Datuk†Village, “Nipah Panjang†Sub-district, “Tanjung Jabung Timur†Regency, with several aims e.g: to analyze the income of rice farmers, Analyzing the effect of production factors in rice farming, Analyzing the allocative efficiency of useness on the production factors that influenced the rice production. This location was selected by considering that it was the rice production centre. Survey method was used in this research,  and the collected data (both primary and secondary ) had  acros section type. There were 39  households  as a samples  from a total 259 farmers  population which taken by simple random sampling method. The  description analysis and Cobb Douglas production function were applied in this research. The results showed: (1) the total average of farmers income was Rp.27.507.997,-/period/Ha, the total cost average was Rp.8.630.942,-/period/Ha and the earnings average was Rp.18.877.055,-/period/Ha. R/C ratio was 3.19. This indicates that the rice farming  was quite profitable, because the R/C value was more than 1, The production factors that showed significant effect  toward to the farming activities were seed and fertilizer, The Result of  analysis on  allocative efficiency of  production factors useness on rice farming showed that useness  allocation of seed and fertilizer was  24,65 kg and as 7,650 kg respectively.  The  result of these useness  allocation both seed and fertilizer were more than 1, so it showed an  unefficiently allocation. Keywords: Farming, Rice, Income, Production Function, Efficiency

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Simpang Datuk Kecamatan Nipah Panjang Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan petani padi, faktor produksi yang berpengaruh dalam usahatani padi, dan efisiensi alokatif penggunaan faktor produksi yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi padi. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survey, data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder dengan jenis data cros section. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 39 RTP dari total populasi 259 RTP yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif dengan perhitungan pendapatan petani  dan fungsi produksi Cobb Douglas. Hasil penelitian : Rata-rata total penerimaan petani padi Rp.27.507.997,-/MT/Ha, rata-rata total biaya Rp.8.630.942,-/MT/Ha dan rata-rata pendapatan Rp.18.877.055,-/MT/Ha. Nilai R/C rasio sebesar 3,19. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata usahatani padi di daerah penelitian cukup menguntungkan, karena nilai RC rasionya lebih dari 1. Faktor-faktor produksi yang berpengaruh dalam kegiatan usahatani padi adalah faktor produksi benih dan pupuk. Hasil analisis efisiensi alokatif penggunaan faktor produksi benih sebesar 24,65 kg dan  pupuk sebesar 7,650 kg, hasil penggunaan benih dan pupuk tersebut keduanya  lebih dari 1, sehingga belum efisien secara alokatif.

Kata kunci: Usahatani, Padi, Pendapatan, Efisiensi, Fungsi Produksi