Harga Komoditas dan Nilai Tukar Petani Perkebunan serta Hubungannya dengan Kedalaman Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi

Nida Kemala, Zainuddin Zainuddin, Wiwin Alawiyah, Rayhan Sa’adat Kertopati

Abstract


Jambi Province, as one of the plantation commodity producing centers in Sumatra, has an economy that is highly dependent on the agricultural sector, especially oil palm and rubber. However, various agricultural factors present structural challenges that affect local economic stability and, consequently, the Poverty Gap Indeks in Jambi province. This study aims to analyze the agricultural factors influencing the Poverty Gap Index. The results indicate a downward trend in the Poverty Gap Indeks in Jambi Province in 2008 to 2024. Global rubber prices showed a declining trend from 2007 to 2023, while global palm oil (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) prices exhibited a fluctuating pattern but maintained a stable overall trend. Meanwhile, the Smallholder Plantation Crops Farmers' Terms of Trade (NTPr) tended to rise. Based on the coefficient of variation, global rubber prices displayed the highest level of variability (40.85%), followed by the Poverty Gap Index (27.92%) and global palm oil prices (25.87%), with NTPr showing the lowest variation (17.07%). These findings indicate that global rubber prices experienced the greatest fluctuation during the study period, where as NTPr remained relatively more stable. At a 10% significance level, all three independent variables (Global Rubber Price, Global CPO Price, and NTPr) were found to have a significant impact on the Poverty Gap Indeks, both simultaneously and individually. Individually, global rubber prices had a significant negative effect at both the 10% and 5% of significance levels. In contrast, global CPO prices had a significant positive effect at the 10% level but it was not significant at the 5% level. NTPr demonstrated a significant negative effect on the Poverty Gap Indeks at both the 10% and 5% significance levels.
Keywords: Poverty; Rubber; CPO; NTPr

Abstrak. Provinsi Jambi, sebagai salah satu pusat penghasil komoditas perkebunan di Sumatera, memiliki ekonomi yang sangat bergantung pada sektor pertanian, khususnya kelapa sawit dan karet. Namun, banyak faktor aspek pertanian menjadi tantangan struktural yang memengaruhi stabilitas ekonomi lokal dan pada gilirannya menentukan kondisi kedalaman kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor aspek pertanian yang mempengaruhi kedalaman kemiskinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama Tahun 2008-2024 kedalaman kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi menunjukkan tren penurunan. Perkembangan harga karet global periode Tahun 2007-2023 cenderung menurun. Harga global sawit/Crude Palm Oil (CPO) selama periode tersebut menunjukkan pola fluktuatif dengan tren stabil. Sedangkan NTPr cenderung meningkat. Berdasarkan nilai koefisien variasi, terlihat bahwa harga global karet merupakan variabel dengan tingkat keragaman tertinggi (40,85%), diikuti oleh kedalaman kemiskinan (27,92%), harga global sawit (25,87%), dan NTPr (17,07%) sebagai variabel dengan variasi terendah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa selama periode penelitian harga karet dunia mengalami fluktuasi paling besar, sedangkan NTPr relatif lebih stabil. Pada taraf signifikansi 10%, ketiga variabel bebas (Harga Global Karet, Harga Global CPO dan NTPr) terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kedalaman kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi baik simultan maupun parsial. Secara parsial harga karet global berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan baik pada taraf nyata 10% maupun 5%. Lain halnya dengan harga CPO yang signifikan berpengaruh positif pada taraf nyata 10% tetapi tidak signifikan pada taraf 5%. Sedangkan untuk NTPr menunjukkan pengaruh negatif dan signifikan baik pada tahap nyata 10% maupun 5%.
Kata Kunci: Kemiskinan; Karet; CPO; NTPr

Keywords


CPO; NTPr; Poverty; Rubber;

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/mea.v11i2.460

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